These results suggest that citral could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. The results of physiological and biochemical experiments showed that citral induced the overexpression of defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, and PAL in tobacco (which increased by 5.3, 1.9, 3.0, and 4.0 times at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, respectively) as well as induced the overexpression of PR proteins, including NPR1, PR1, PR2, and PR5 (which increased by 23.49, 39.27, 34.47, and 52.07 times at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, respectively). Bioassay results showed that citral induced significant plant disease resistance activity (68.20% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL). Citral showed no direct effect on TMV particles but did induce hypersensitive response (HR). The protective, inactive, and curative efficacies of citral (500 μg/mL) against TMV were 76.27%, 55.14%, and 50.42%, respectively, which were significantly better than those of the positive control agent, chitosan oligosaccharide. Citral, the main active component of the oil, showed outstanding anti-TMV activity. This study found that LCO has significant anti-TMV activity and that its active components are monoterpenoids. Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCO) has a wide range of industrial uses.
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